Brown adipose tissue engineering: advances, challenges, and future directions.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Obesity is a major health issue as it increases the risk of developing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising target for obesity treatment due to its ability to burn fat and create heat via non-shivering thermogenesis. The development of BAT models for therapeutic use has become possible through recent advances in tissue engineering, including stem cell-based methods, 3D bioprinting, and organoid systems. However, optimizing differentiation protocols while maintaining the physiological relevance of BAT remains challenging. This review explores current advances in BAT engineering and highlights future research priorities for achieving clinical applications in metabolic health interventions.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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