Brown Adipose Tissue as a Unique Niche for Islet Organoid Transplantation: Insights From In Vivo Imaging.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Transplantation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived islet organoids is a promising cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is important to improve the efficacy of islet organoids transplantation by identifying new transplantation sites with high vascularization and sufficient accommodation to support graft survival with a high capacity for oxygen delivery. Methods A human-induced pluripotent stem cell line (hiPSCs-L1) was generated constitutively expressing luciferase. Luciferase-expressing hiPSCs were differentiated into islet organoids. The islet organoids were transplanted into the scapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD/SCID) mice as the BAT group and under the left kidney capsule (KC) of NOD/SCID mice as a control group, respectively. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of the organoid grafts was performed on days 1, 7, 14, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63 posttransplantation. Results BLI signals were detected in all recipients, including both the BAT and control groups. The BLI signal gradually decreased in both BAT and KC groups. However, the graft BLI signal intensity under the left KC decreased substantially faster than that of the BAT. Furthermore, our data show that islet organoids transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice restored normoglycemia. Positron emis

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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