Conventional and Emerging Surgical and Non-surgical Approaches to the Management of Skin Burn Scars: A Comprehensive Review

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Burn cases pose a significant burden on the healthcare system worldwide. The acute loss of the barrier function of the skin can lead to severe shock and sepsis. Burn wounds can evolve into hypertrophic scars and keloids that impair function and aesthetic appearance. Early intervention with both non-surgical and surgical management strategies is crucial to curtail severe consequences. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of treatment modalities ranging from topical and intralesional therapies to surgical procedures, while also highlighting the role of adjunct and emerging strategies. Topical emollients, corticosteroid creams and injections, and silicone gel help restore barrier function and reduce inflammation in patients with superficial or partial-thickness burn injuries. Autologous and allogenic grafts and flaps have proven effective in restoring function and increasing patient satisfaction in treating deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burns. However, the appropriate timing for employing these conventional therapies to gain maximum benefit remains debatable and can result in undesirable complications. Adjunct therapies, including microneedling, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), laser, and physical therapy, have shown mixed results in improving outcomes. Newly emerging techniques, such as stem cells, nanomedicine, and 3D bioprinting, have demonstrated promi

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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