Design, Characterization, and Enhanced Performance of Electrospun Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites Reinforced with Halloysite Nanotubes and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

The development of advanced wound dressings that integrate favorable physico-mechanical properties with the ability to support physiological healing processes remains a critical challenge in biomaterials science. An ideal dressing should modulate the wound microenvironment, prevent infection, maintain hydration, and possess adequate strength and elasticity. This study aimed to fabricate and characterize electrospun chitosan (CS)-based 3D scaffolds dual-reinforced with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) to enhance material properties and biological performance. HNTs were incorporated to improve electrospinnability and provide mechanical reinforcement, while CeONPs were added for their redox-modulating and anti-inflammatory activities. Composite mats were fabricated via non-capillary electrospinning. The individual and synergistic effects of HNTs and CeONPs were systematically evaluated using physico-chemical methods (SEM, EDX, WAXS, TGA, mechanical testing) and biological assays (in vitro cytocompatibility with mesenchymal stem cells, in vivo biocompatibility, and wound healing efficacy in a rat model). Scaffolds containing only HNTs exhibited defect-free nanofibers with an average diameter of 151 nm, whereas the dual-filler (CS-PEO-HNT-CeONP) composites showed less uniform fibers with a rough surface and a larger average diameter of 233 nm. The

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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