Development and characterization of a double-layered lyophilized carrageenan/polyurethane bioactive dressing loaded with secretome of mesenchymal stem cells for chronic wound healing.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Non-healing wounds often persist due to ongoing chronic inflammation, bacterial infections, and irregularities in cellular behavior. This study introduces a double-layer bioactive dressing composed of carrageenan, fabricated through a freeze-drying technique. It was hypothesized that incorporating secretome into a carrageenan-based polymeric matrix as a bioactive dressing might enhance various aspects of cellular behavior. The resultant sponge was enriched with a concentrated secretome (858.25 ± 85.73 μg/mL) obtained from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs), attached with a semipermeable polyurethane film as a backing layer. The physicochemical results demonstrated that dressing exhibited hydrophilic properties (contact angle of 38.72°), sufficient tensile strength (1.14 MPa), as well as desired swelling ratio and degradation rate. There was a notable improvement in migration of Ad-MSCs in response to secretome treatment within 48 h. Additionally, tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells was significantly enhanced compared to the untreated group. In vitro investigation of inflammation on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) within a diabetic-like microenvironment demonstrated substantial upregulation of TGF-β, VEGF, and IL-10 expression when treated with the secretome, in comparison to untreated groups. These findings suggest that the developed dressing h

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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