Effects of hypoxic and photobiomodulation preconditioning on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: an in vitro study with an osteogenic potential approach.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for bone regeneration due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. This study investigates the effects of hypoxic and Photobiomodulation (PBM) preconditioning on the characteristics and functional properties of exosomes derived from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs), with a focus on bone regeneration. hAdMSCs were characterized by their spindle-shaped morphology and high expression of mesenchymal markers (CD73: 99.6%, CD105: 99.9%) and minimal expression of hematopoietic and endothelial markers (CD45: 0.2%, CD31: 2.25%). Exosomes were isolated from hAdMSCs cultured under normal (N-EX), hypoxic (H-EX), PBM (PBM-EX), and combined PBM + hypoxia (PBM + H-EX) conditions. Exosomal markers (CD9, CD63, and CD81) and size distribution (72.2-88.4 nm) confirmed successful isolation, with no significant differences in size between different groups. Functional assays revealed that a 200 µg exosome dose significantly enhanced cell proliferation and metabolic activity (p < 0.0001). Exosome-treated groups exhibited significantly enhanced cell viability, maintained stable glucose uptake, and accelerated migration compared to control groups. Notably, the PBM-EX group demonstrated the most remarkable outcomes, achieving complete scratch closure within just 20 h. Osteog

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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