Exosomal non-coding RNAs: key molecules in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. As aging populations grow and lifestyle changes, the incidence of CAD is escalating. Traditional biomarkers for CAD diagnosis, such as creatine kinase-muscle brain (CK-MB), troponins, and n-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), are influenced by age, sex, the presence of chest pain, and renal function levels. However, since these biomarkers are also detected in many other diseases such as heart failure, chronic renal failure, pulmonary embolism, or septic shock, explore and identification of novel unique biomarkers for CAD are of clinical significance. Exosomes containing non-coding RNAs, proteins, and lipids can serve as biomarkers and regulators for regulate various biological processes. Exosomal non-coding RNAs have been identified as risk factors for CAD and pivotal elements in cellular functions, making them significant candidates for CAD diagnosis and prognosis. This review elaborates on the current understandings of CAD, highlights the important roles of exosomal non-coding RNAs in CAD diagnosis and treatment, and concludes with future perspectives.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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