Exosome and biotherapeutic strategies for dermatological and oncological skin complications.

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm) that mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Their ability to regulate inflammation, immune responses, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration has positioned them as promising candidates for the management of dermatological diseases and oncologic skin complications. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases (2020-2025). Relevant preclinical studies, clinical trials, and mechanistic investigations evaluating exosome biology, therapeutic applications, and biotherapeutic strategies in dermatological and oncologic skin conditions were included and analysed. Results Exosome-based therapies, particularly those derived from mesenchymal and adipose-derived stem cells, demonstrate significant regenerative and immunomodulatory effects. These include enhanced wound healing, reduced inflammation, improved extracellular matrix remodelling, and modulation of immune pathways. Therapeutic benefits have been reported in chronic wounds, inflammatory dermatoses, pigmentary disorders, skin ageing, acne scarring, and treatment-related skin toxicities. In oncologic contexts, exosomes exhibit dual roles, contributing to both tissue repair and tumour progression depending on their origin. Despite stron

Evidence level

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

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