Exosome-Enhanced Injectable Hydrogels: A Comprehensive Review on Their Emerging Role in Wound Healing.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background and aims The escalation of chronic wounds necessitates advanced therapeutic strategies beyond current interventions. Hydrogel dressings, particularly injectable hydrogels, offer promising solutions due to their water absorption capacity, structural resilience, and ease of application. Combining exosomes with injectable hydrogels enhances wound healing through mechanisms such as re-epithelization and tissue regeneration. This review aims to explore the synergistic effects of exosome-loaded injectable hydrogels in creating a conducive microenvironment for wound healing, emphasizing their potential as a cell-free therapeutic approach for skin regeneration. Methods This narrative review employed electronic databases and keyword search strategies to identify pertinent sources. Databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were utilized to retrieve relevant information. Selection criteria for sources were based on their alignment with the review's purpose, ensuring relevance and appropriateness for inclusion. Results This investigation delineates various avenues for sourcing exosomes to be incorporated into injectable hydrogels, with particular emphasis on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils as primary sources. Moreover, it underscores that while existing research underscores the considerable poten

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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