Fibrochondrogenesis of hESCs: growth factor combinations and cocultures

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

The successful differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to fibrochondrocyte-like cells and characterization of these differentiated cells is a critical step toward tissue engineering of musculoskeletal fibrocartilages (e.g., knee meniscus, temporomandibular joint disc, and intervertebral disc). In this study, growth factors and primary cell cocultures were applied to hESC embryoid bodies (EBs) for 3 weeks and evaluated for their effect on the synthesis of critical fibrocartilage matrix components: glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagens (types I, II, and VI). Changes in surface markers (CD105, CD44, SSEA, PDGFR alpha) after the differentiation treatments were also analyzed. The study was conducted in three phases: (1) examination of growth factors (TGF-beta 3, BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, PDGF-BB, sonic hedgehog protein); (2) comparison of two cocultures (primary chondrocytes or fibrochondrocytes); and (3) the combination of the most effective growth factor and coculture regimen. TGF-beta 3 with BMP-4 yielded EBs positive for collagens I, II, and VI, with up to 6.7- and 4.8-fold increases in GAG and collagen, respectively. Analysis of cell surface markers showed a significant increase in CD44 with the TGF-beta 3 + BMP-4 treatment compared to the controls. Coculture with fibrochondrocytes resulted in up to a 9.8-fold increase in collagen II production. The combination of the

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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