Fibroin/sulfated alginate membranes containing exosomes of stem cells treated with B and Zn-doped hydroxyapatite for periosteal tissue engineering.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Periosteal regeneration requires tissue engineering strategies that simultaneously support osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. In this study, fibroin/sulfated alginate (F/sA) composite membranes loaded with exosomes derived from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) treated with pure, 4 mol% B-doped, and 4 mol% B and 8 mol% Zn-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) were developed for periosteal tissue engineering. It was hypothesized that incorporation of sA and HA-conditioned exosomes enhances osteoimmunomodulation while preserving scaffold integrity. F/sA membranes with varying sulfated alginate content (0-20 wt%) were fabricated and characterized. Increasing sulfated alginate content enhanced water uptake and degradation while reducing tensile strength and Young's modulus. A 95 : 5 F/sA ratio was identified as optimal exosome delivery composition, exhibiting the highest hADSC viability and reducing IL1B and CASP1 levels in THP-1 macrophages ( p < 0.05). It was also found that exosomes isolated from pure and doped HA-treated hADSCs showed treatment-dependent alterations in the cargo. The 8 mol% B-doped HA group significantly increased exosome yield, while all HA treatments reduced protein/particle and DNA/particle ratios. Doped HA treatments significantly increased RNA/particle ratio ( p < 0.05). Exosome-loaded F/sA membranes enhanced early cell attachment and proliferat

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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