Gluteal adipose-derived stem cell exosomes promote macrophage polarization and cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis via PTPRC modulation.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and limited regenerative capacity. Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exo) represent a promising cell-free therapeutic approach due to their immunomodulatory properties. Gluteal ADSC-Exo were isolated and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. Their effects were evaluated in vitro in human chondrocytes, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and THP-1-derived macrophages using proliferation, migration, immunofluorescence, Seahorse metabolic analysis, and RNA sequencing. In vivo, OA was induced in mice by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and treated with ADSC-Exo, a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC/CD45) inhibitor alone, or in combination. Cartilage pathology and inflammation were assessed by histology, Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of PTPRC was performed in M1-polarized macrophages to validate mechanistic involvement. ADSC-Exo enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix gene expression while suppressing catabolic markers under inflammatory conditions. ADSC-Exo promoted macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, reduced pro-inflammatory cytoki

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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