Harnessing extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a challenging condition with limited effective treatments. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have demonstrated potential in tissue repair, and their extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) show more safety in clinical translation. However, the role and mechanism of ADSC-EVs in the treatment of POI are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of ADSC-EVs on rat POI models induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) and to explore the potential therapeutic mechanisms. Methods Rat ADSCs and ADSC-EVs were isolated and characterized. The POI rat model was established via intraperitoneal injection of VCD for 15 consecutive days. ADSCs and ADSC-EVs were injected into the ovaries for treatment. Ovary function was assessed by monitoring estrous cycles, follicle counts, sexual hormone levels, and ovulation. Molecular mechanisms were investigated using TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. In vitro, primary rat granulosa cells were treated with VCD in the presence or absence of ADSC-EVs. Cell proliferative ability, hormone secretion, apoptosis rate, and relative molecular expression were measured. Whole-transcriptome sequencing and DIA proteomics of ADSC-EVs were performed to identify bioactive molecules. Results ADSC-EVs protected granulosa

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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