Immunohistochemical Analysis of Nanofat Membrane, Solid PRF, and Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel.

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and nanofat have emerged as promising autologous biomaterials in tissue regeneration and facial rejuvenation. Both serve as vehicles for cellular growth factors that promote wound healing and tissue remodeling. This study aims to investigate the presence of endothelial and stem cell markers in nanofat membranes through immunohistochemical analysis. Eleven patients (nine women, two men) with a mean age of 36.82 ± 5.79 were included in this case-series study. Tissue samples were obtained using a mixture of nanofat and injectable PRF, with two different concentration ratios (2:1 and 1:1), in addition to solid PRF and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) gel membrane for comparison. The samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, processed into paraffin blocks, and sectioned (2-5 μm). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using markers CD31 (endothelial cells), CD34 (hematopoietic and adipose-derived stem cells, and endothelial cells), CD163 (macrophages), ERG (endothelial marker), S100 (adipocyte marker), and CD10 (adipose-derived stem cells). Histopathologic examination evaluated endothelial and stem cell presence as well as macrophage infiltration. Histopathological analysis revealed fragmented adipose tissue with vascular proliferation, as well as platelet and fibrin deposition. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of endothelial markers (CD31

Evidence level

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

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