Injectable Biologics: What Is the Evidence?

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Injectable biologics have attracted considerable interest in the field of musculoskeletal medicine. Biologics encompass a broad and diverse group of human tissue-derived therapeutics. The most commonly reported biologics for use in musculoskeletal conditions include platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, mesenchymal stem cells, microfragmented fat, stromal vascular fraction, amniotic membrane-based products, and autologous conditioned serum. The benefits of biologics in tissue healing and regeneration are thought to be derived from their trophic, paracrine, and immunomodulatory functions. The purpose of this review is to define commonly used injectable biologics and to appraise current evidence on its efficacy in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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