Investigation of the effects of umbilical cord and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on endoplasmic reticulum stress in cadmium-induced rat kidney.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Purpose The hazardous heavy metal cadmium (Cd) has the potential to cause long-term kidney damage, mostly dependent on autophagy. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been recognized as a primary source of Cd-induced toxicity. The ER chaperone GRP78 binds ER stress sensors, keeping them dormant. Exposure to Cd increases ER stress, a well-known inducer of autophagy. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) are potentially useful tissue engineering and cellular treatment tools. Various disorders are treated with human umbilical cord MSCs (HUC-MSCs). They possess several unique qualities that are necessary for their therapeutic uses. The study aimed to investigate the effects of AD-MSCs and HUC-MSCs on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods The study used 36 male Wistar albino rats that were divided into six groups: control, AD-MSC, HUC-MSC, Cd, Cd ​+ ​AD-MSC, and Cd ​+ ​HUC-MSC. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were used to stain the renal tissues in preparation for a histological analysis. Furthermore, the ER stress level was assessed by measuring GRP78 immunoexpression. Additionally, LC3B and Beclin-1 immunostaining were used to determine the autophagy. Results The histopathological results showed that the glomerular structure, proximal and distal tubules were disrupted in rat kidneys from the Cd group. Treatment with AD-MSCs and HUC-MSCs restored renal histological damage cause

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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