Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Loaded with Selenium or Nano Selenium as a Novel Therapeutic Paradigm for Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes in Rats

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin insufficiency as a consequence of the pancreatic β-cells' auto-immune attack. Nowadays, the application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exs) as the main cell-free therapy for diabetes treatment is becoming more and more extensive. In non-autologous therapy, researchers are moving towards a new strategy based on loading MSC-Exs with certain drugs, aimed at maintaining and maximizing the function of exosomes at the function site and enhancing their efficiency and safety. This study aims to explore and compare the therapeutic potentialities of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exs) loaded with either selenium (Se) or nano selenium (NSe), a natural antioxidant micronutrient, in the management of T1DM in rats. In our 4-week experiment, six rat groups were included, namely, control, Ex+Se, Ex+NSe, STZ-diabetic (D), D+ Ex+Se, and D+Ex+NSe groups. Both diabetic-treated groups showed marked pancreatic regenerative antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic capacities, with the D+Ex+NSe injection showing superiority in managing diabetes hazards, as evidenced by various biochemical and histological assessments.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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