Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway: Unifying mechanisms of multi-organ regeneration and the path to precision clinical translation.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

In this editorial, we discuss the article by Fu Y et al , indicating that hair development is influenced by exosomes from human adipose-derived stem/stromal cell-mediated cell-to-cell communication via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy due to their robust regenerative capabilities across multiple tissues. MSC-Exos are enriched with bioactive molecules, including proteins, microRNAs, and growth factors, which activate critical signaling pathways, notably the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, to promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair. This editorial systematically examines the application of MSC-Exos in regenerating diverse tissues such as hair follicles and kidney, lung, and cardiac muscle tissue. Central to their mechanism is the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which drives cell cycle progression ( via cyclin B1/cyclin-dependent kinase 1), suppresses apoptosis (through Bcl-2/Bax modulation), and attenuates fibrosis (by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β/alpha-smooth muscle actin). The challenges related to the clinical translation of exosome-based therapies, including standardization of isolation protocols, optimization of dosing and delivery methods, and safety evaluation, are discussed. The most important challenge i

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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