microRNAs shuttled by mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes in coronary artery disease: A systematic review of preclinical studies

Relatively higher-quality human studies compared with other topics in this database, e.g. multiple RCTs or systematic reviews. This does not mean it is standard or approved care.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Introduction Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a life-threatening cardiac condition with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This systematic review article highlighted the therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRs) in preclinical models of CAD. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify relevant publications until 04 Apr 2025. The literature review focuses on the origin of MSCs, the technique employed for exosome extraction and identification, the route and frequency of exosomal administration, the mechanisms through which exo-miRs regulate paracrine activity, and their impact on cardiac outcome. Results After meticulous evaluation, fifty-six studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were the most commonly utilized cell type in the preclinical studies. The majority of studies employed the ultracentrifugation method for exosome isolation from MSCs. The administration of exosomes was primarily achieved through a single intramyocardial injection, utilizing a wide range of exosome concentrations (ranging from 0.02-400 μg/μL). Conclusion The included studies predominantly have reported the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, angiogenic, antifibrotic, and reparative effects of MSC-exo-miRs, especially under hypoxic

Evidence level

Relatively higher-quality human studies compared with other topics in this database, e.g. multiple RCTs or systematic reviews. This does not mean it is standard or approved care.

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