Mitochondrial Transfer Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cancer Cells.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Mitochondrial transfer (MT) is a biological process that allows a donor cell to horizontally share its own mitochondria with a recipient cell. Mitochondria are highly dynamic membrane-bound sub-cellular organelles prominently involved in the regulation of the cell energy balance, calcium homeostasis, and apoptotic machinery activation. They physiologically undergo fusion and fission processes in response to the cell requirement, with a continuous morphological re-arrangement. This structural and functional plasticity is at the basis of the MT, described in tissue regeneration, cardiac and neurological diseases, as well as in cancer. Here, the MT has been observed in the tumor micro-environment (TME) from the adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to the cancer cells, eventually reverting the lack of the mitochondria respiration function, or enhancing their motility and drug resistance. In this chapter, we outline some key protocols for evaluating this exciting phenomenon of MT. These methodological and technical approaches are very important, considering all the limitations that scientists constantly face, especially in this field of the research.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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