New insights into mesenchymal stem cells in inflammatory subtypes of asthma

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, heightened reactivity, and structural remodeling. The responses of different phenotypes to traditional corticosteroid therapy vary significantly, with steroid resistance in low T-helper type 2 asthma remaining an urgent clinical challenge. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes-mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs)-have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their potent immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we systematically explain how MSCs and MSC-EVs inhibit airway inflammation in asthma through multi-target immunoregulation, highlight their therapeutic potential in steroid-resistant asthma, and outline the challenges and optimization strategies involved in clinical translation, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the development of novel therapies.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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