The Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cardiac Repair

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and effectively repairing the heart following myocardial injuries remains a significant challenge. Research has increasingly shown that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) can ameliorate myocardial injuries and improve outcomes after such injuries. The therapeutic benefits of MSC-Exo are largely due to their capacity to deliver specific cargo, including microRNAs and proteins. MSC-Exo can modulate various signaling pathways and provide several beneficial effects, including cytoprotection, inflammation modulation, and angiogenesis promotion to help repair the damaged myocardium. In this review, we summarize the cardioprotective effects of MSC-Exo in myocardial injury, the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the process, and various approaches studied to enhance their efficacy based on recent findings.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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