Research progress on the advantages, mechanisms and design strategies of nanomaterials for immunomodulatory angiogenesis

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Owing to the difficulty in achieving effective and timely vascularization, repairing the structure and function of damaged tissues and organs remains a major challenge in clinical practice. The immune microenvironment is a key factor affecting angiogenesis; however, traditional strategies have failed to take full advantage of this property. Recent advances in nanomaterial design have shifted from "immune avoidance" to "immune interaction", representing a breakthrough in promoting angiogenesis. An increasing number of studies have reported that nanomaterials(NMs) can induce and regulate immune cells or immune metabolic reprogramming to promote angiogenesis, but few studies have investigated the specific mechanism by which NMs affect immune cells and how they are involved in different stages of angiogenesis. This article reviews the advantages of NMs and focuses on the specific mechanisms by which NMs regulate immune cells, including immune extracellular regulation (changes in the physical and chemical environment), the regulation of membrane receptors and membrane potential, and regulation within immune cells, such as the metabolic activity of immune cells. According to the application scenarios of tissue regeneration (bone, skin, nerve and cardiovascular tissue), the influencing factors and design smart nanomaterials through immune regulation are summarized, and the current cha

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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