Restoration of skeletal muscle function via mesenchymal stem cells: mechanistic insights and therapeutic advances in myasthenia gravis.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated distinct advantages in skeletal muscle repair owing to their self-renewal capacity, multidirectional differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory functions. As a critical regulator of skeletal muscle regeneration, MSCs have been shown to ameliorate skeletal muscle injury induced by factors such as wasting and metabolic disorders through the activation of satellite cell function, inhibition of myofiber atrophy, and regulation of protein metabolic balance. In the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG), the therapeutic effects of MSCs are exerted through dual mechanisms: first, autoantibody production is reduced via immunomodulation, thereby alleviating immune-mediated attacks at neuromuscular junctions; second, secondary muscle atrophy is delayed by preserving the integrity of neuromuscular signaling. Notably, MSC function is closely associated with acetylcholine metabolism, neuromuscular junction stability, and the aging microenvironment, in which aging-induced MSC decline may exacerbate intramuscular fat infiltration and impair regenerative capacity. In this paper, the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their regulatory roles in skeletal muscle metabolic and injury-related abnormalities are systematically reviewed, and the fundamental significance of MSCs in skeletal muscle repair and myasthenia gravis (MG)

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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