Review of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Adjunctive Intervention for Metabolic Disorders

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Obesity is a chronic systemic disease characterised by insulin resistance, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), which involves the administration of 100% oxygen under elevated atmospheric pressure, has a well-established clinical application in the treatment of non-healing wounds and ischemia, and it is currently being investigated as an adjunctive therapy for obesity and metabolic disorders. The aim of this review is to provide a critical synthesis of recent (2012-2025) evidence regarding the mechanisms of HBOT action in the human body. Furthermore, it examines the metabolic effects and safety profile of HBOT in the context of obesity, with particular attention to experimental and preliminary clinical research. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that HBOT enhances insulin sensitivity, reduces adipose tissue inflammation, and modulates lipid metabolism. The proposed mechanisms include activation of Akt/AMPK signalling and GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle, resulting in improved glucose uptake and oxidation, as well as stimulation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. In rodent models of obesity, HBOT has been shown to reduce adipose tissue mass, improve lipid profiles, and restore normal β-oxidation of fatty acids by normalising the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and carnitine palmitoyl transferas

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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