Role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the regeneration of different tissues

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Exosomes are nanovesicles with multiple components used in several applications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their great potential in clinical applications. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have been shown to mediate tissue regeneration in various diseases, including neurological, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, cancer, ischemic heart disease, lung injury, and liver fibrosis. They can modulate the immune response by interacting with immune effector cells in the presence of anti-inflammatory compounds and are involved in intercellular communication through various types of cargo. This review summarizes the MSC-Exos-mediated tissue regeneration in various diseases, including neurological, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, articular cartilage, and oral tissue applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of MSC-Exos in tissue regeneration.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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