Small extracellular vesicles produced from canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells mitigate diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin-induced mice via β-cell revitalization.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells are emerging as promising therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of sEVs from 3D-cultured canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in alleviating diabetes-induced systemic dysfunctions, focusing on their revitalizing, metabolic, and immunomodulatory properties. Results sEVs were identified as nanosized vesicles around 72 nm with a negative zeta potential (-21.15 mV) and a high particle concentration (1.07 × 10 9 particles/mL). In vitro, sEVs (10 4 particles/mL) protected INS-1 β-cells from etoposide (ETO)-induced cytotoxicity, enhancing cell viability, reducing apoptosis, and promoting recovery. Biodistribution analysis showed detectable levels in plasma for up to 24 h post-injection, suggesting sustained circulation and a potentially extended half-life compared to free therapeutic molecules. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, sEV treatment significantly improved glycemic control, enhanced glucose metabolism, and restored β-cell function, as reflected by improvements in HOMA-β, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI indices. Additionally, sEVs reduced systemic inflammation, restored immune homeostasis, and improved hematological, renal, and hepatic parameters. Double-dose sEV administration yielded the most pronounced therapeutic benefits, includ

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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