Synovial Fluid as a Crucial Component of the Joint Microenvironment in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease closely associated with synovial tissue proliferation, pannus formation in small joints such as the hands, wrists, and feet, cartilage destruction, and systemic complications such as pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurological, and skeletal muscle lesions, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and infections. The importance of confirming the diagnosis and determining local activity is given to the study of synovial fluid. A deep understanding of the pathological process in the joint in RA, characterized by changes in autoreactive CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and autoantibodies, has now been achieved, although much remains to be explored. This article provides an updated overview of the pathogenesis of RA, revealing even more therapeutic targets for the intra-articular pathological process.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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