The Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Psoriasis Treatment: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by dysregulated immune responses and aberrant keratinocyte (KC) proliferation, with a profound impact on patient quality of life. Emerging evidence highlights extracellular vesicles (EVs) as promising therapeutic candidates in regenerative medicine, offering new avenues for psoriasis management. This review provides a critical overview of psoriasis pathophysiology and evaluates the mechanistic basis of EV-based therapies, emphasizing their immunomodulatory capacity to restore immune homeostasis. We synthesize findings from preclinical studies, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from diverse cellular sources, including their ability to attenuate inflammation, regulate immune responses, enhance wound repair, and modulate KC function. Finally, we explore future directions aimed at optimizing EV therapeutic efficacy and translating these findings into clinical practice. Collectively, this review underscores EVs as a novel, targeted, and cell-free therapeutic strategy with the potential to transform psoriasis treatment.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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