Tissue source determines the differentiation potentials of mesenchymal stem cells: a comparative study of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess intrinsic regeneration capacity as part of the repair process in response to injury, such as fracture or other tissue injury. Bone marrow and adipose tissue are the major sources of MSCs. However, which cell type is more effective and suitable for cell therapy remains to be answered. The intrinsic molecular mechanism supporting the assertion has also been lacking. Methods Human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ATSCs) were isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue obtained after total hip arthroplasty. ATSCs and BMSCs were incubated in standard growth medium. Trilineage differentiation including osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis was performed by addition of relevant induction mediums. The expression levels of trilineage differentiation marker genes were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The methylation status of CpG sites of Runx2, PPARγ, and Sox9 promoters were checked by bisulfite sequencing. In addition, ectopic bone formation and calvarial bone critical defect models were used to evaluate the bone regeneration ability of ATSCs and BMSCs in vivo. Results The results showed that BMSCs possessed stronger osteogenic and lower adipogenic differentiation potentials compared to ATSCs. There was no significant difference in the chondrogenic differentiation potential. The CpG sites of Ru

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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