Dl-3-n-butylphthalide ameliorates diabetic foot ulcer by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are estimated to affect about 18.6 million people worldwide annually. The pathogenesis of DFU is complex, and the available drugs are not effective. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a synthetic mixture of racemates used in China for the treatment of ischemic stroke. It was initially isolated from the seeds of Apium graveolens Linn, with studies showing its potential role in treating diabetes and its complications. Aim To predict and validate the mechanism by which NBP treats DFU. Methods Network pharmacological analysis was performed to identify pharmacological targets and signaling pathways mediating the treatment effect of NBP on DFU. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of NBP on DFU. Results Network pharmacology analysis identified 26 pharmacological targets of NBP and predicted that NBP could treat DFU partially by modulating apoptosis and vascular signaling pathways. Results from animal experiments showed that NBP significantly improved DFU by increasing neovascularization and fibroblast proliferation. In vitro tests demonstrated that NBP treatment promoted the migration and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human dermal fibroblasts, while inhibiting the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human dermal fibroblasts, and human keratino

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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