Exploring Photobiomodulation Therapy and Regenerative Medicine for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Pathogenesis and Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with several debilitating complications, including the development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), which can have serious consequences. This study emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach, providing a thorough overview of DFU pathogenesis and available treatments. Methods: An extensive literature review, covering studies published between 2000 and 2023, was conducted to gather data on DFU pathophysiology and treatments, including wound dressings, photobiomodulation, off-loading devices, adjunct medicines, and stem cell therapy. Results: DFUs are complicated due to infection, ischemia, and neuropathy. Sufficient wound dressings maintain a moist environment, promoting autolytic debridement and facilitating the healing process. Through cellular mechanisms, photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) was observed to expedite the healing process. Additionally, off-loading devices were invented to reduce ulcer pressure and promote healing. Adjunct therapies such as negative pressure wound therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were identified as valuable tools for enhancing healing outcomes. Furthermore, autologous and allogeneic stem cell treatments exhibited the potential for promoting tissue regeneration and expediting the healing process. Conclusion: The complex pathophysiology of DFUs necessitates a multimodal treatment approach. Essential components incl

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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