Intra-Articular Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Knee osteoarthritis presents higher incidences than other joints, with increased prevalence during aging. It is a progressive process and may eventually lead to disability. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are expected to repair damaged issues due to trilineage potential, trophic effects, and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. Intra-articular MSC injection was reported to treat knee osteoarthritis in many studies. This review focuses on several issues of intra-articular MSC injection for knee osteoarthritis, including doses of MSCs applied for injection and the possibility of cartilage regeneration following MSC injection. Intra-articular MSC injection induced hyaline-like cartilage regeneration, which could be seen by arthroscopy in several studies. Additionally, anatomical, biomechanical, and biochemical changes during aging and other causes participate in the development of knee osteoarthritis. Conversely, appropriate intervention based on these anatomical, biomechanical, biochemical, and functional properties and their interactions may postpone the progress of knee OA and facilitate cartilage repair induced by MSC injection. Hence, post-injection rehabilitation programs and related mechanisms are discussed.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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