An Update on Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Its Management Modalities

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

One of the most prominent challenges related to the management of diabetes is a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). It has been noted that > 50% of ulcers become clinically infected in diabetic patients, and up to 15-25% of diabetic patients may acquire DFU in their lifetime. DFU treatment is complicated for immune-compromised individuals and has a low success rate. Therefore, diabetic foot care must begin as soon as possible to avoid negative outcomes such as significant social, psychological, and economic consequences, lower limb amputation, morbidity, and mortality. The information provided in this piece is crucial for assisting clinicians and patients regarding novel and cutting-edge treatments for DFU. Due to irrational recourse to antibiotics, etiological agents like bacteria and fungi are exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR), making topical antibiotic treatments for wounds ineffective with the drugs we currently have. This review article aims to compile the various strategies presently in use for managing and treating DFUs. The piece covers topics like biofilm, diagnosis, drug resistance, multidisciplinary teamwork, debridement, dressings, offloading, negative pressure therapy, topical antibiotics, surgery, cell and gene therapy, and other cutting-edge therapies.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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