ADSC-derived exosomes deliver cerium oxide nanoparticles to promote diabetic wound healing via anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Diabetic wounds pose a significant clinical challenge due to excessive oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired angiogenesis. To address these issues, this study developed a novel nanocomposite, CeO 2 @Exo, by loading cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs) into adipose-derived stem cell-derived exosomes. In both in vitro and in vivo diabetic models, CeO 2 @Exo effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species, promoted VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, and accelerated wound closure. Importantly, it modulated the inflammatory microenvironment by shifting macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the pro-regenerative M2 phenotype, thereby enhancing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. These multifunctional effects demonstrate that CeO 2 @Exo represents a promising, comprehensive therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound healing, overcoming the limitations of conventional single-target treatments.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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