Effect of fish scale ointment on diabetic foot ulcer by inducing ferroptosis <i>via</i> the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 pathway

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Excessive oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of diabetic complications, including impaired ulcer healing. Previous studies have shown that fish scale ointment can promote wound healing. Aim To preliminarily investigate the effect of fish scale ointment on wound healing in a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) rat model by examining its regulation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and induction of ferroptosis. Methods Fish scale ointment (collagen product) was prepared from 500 g of silver carp scales. A diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat and high-sugar feeding combined with intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections. For the DFU rat model, ulcer wounds were created by removing dorsal foot hair and cutting the skin to the fascia. The diabetic rats were randomized into five groups: Model, fish scale collagen (FSC), control + liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1), model + Lip-1, and FSC + Lip-1. In each group, treatments were administered once daily by topical application and intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. Wound healing was evaluated on days 7 and 14 after treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess wound injury and capillary formation. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and CD31 levels in wound tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), ferroptosis-associated g

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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