Hydrogel-based neural engineering for skin wound healing

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Neuro-driven skin regeneration represents an emerging paradigm in wound healing that integrates peripheral nerve repair with functional skin restoration. Hydrogels serve as versatile platforms for supporting such dual tissue regeneration, owing to their biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and ability to mimic the extracellular matrix. Recent advances have enabled the development of multifunctional hydrogels that combine biophysical and biochemical cues-including conductive materials, bioactive molecules, and exosomes-to create healing microenvironments that promote nerve growth, angiogenesis, and tissue repair, particularly in challenging conditions such as diabetic ulcers and chronic wounds. This review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying neural regulation of wound healing, focusing on sensory neuron-derived factors, neuro-immune crosstalk, neurovascular integration, and the emerging role of neurogenic exosomes as central signaling hubs. Furthermore, design principles for hydrogel materials-including natural, synthetic, and composite systems-are explored alongside smart responsive hydrogels that adapt to dynamic wound environments, thereby enabling controlled therapeutic delivery. Current trends integrating wearable bioelectronics, artificial intelligence (AI), and bioengineered scaffolds are discussed in the context of real-time monitoring and perso

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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