Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (PMSC-EVs) as an Innovative Therapy for Diabetic Wound Healing

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) experience impaired wound healing, where the healing process is often compromised by a complex, hostile microenvironment characterized by persistent inflammation, high oxidative stress, and dysfunctional angiogenesis. The hyperglycemic environment damages the blood vessels and disturbs the normal hypoxia-induced upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factors, causes poor vascularization and insufficient production of new blood vessels, and leads to impaired perfusion and thickened and dysfunctional capillary basement membranes, which reduce blood flow to the wound, leading to delayed wound healing. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the main effectors of intercellular communication and have emerged as a potent cell-free strategy for the acceleration of tissue repair. MSC-EVs can be isolated from various adult tissues, but increasing evidence suggests that placental MSC-derived EVs (PMSC-EVs) possess distinct clinical and biological advantages for enhancing diabetic wound healing. Placentas are unique cell sources for PMSCs, which can be easily acquired non-invasively from a discarded placenta and is ethically acceptable, and have superior proliferative capacity. The cargo of PMSC-derived EVs contains macromolecules such as proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and lipids, which may be tailored for fetomaternal tole

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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