Progress of microneedle targeted modulation technology in the reconstruction of immune microenvironment in diabetic wounds

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Wound healing in diabetic patients is mainly hindered by a combination of long-term glycosylation, persistent inflammatory response, and immunosuppressive state. The interaction of these factors not only results in considerable prolongation of the wound healing process but also elevates the likelihood of recurrent ulcer development, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life. Traditional treatments, including surgical debridement, anti-infection, dressing application, vascular intervention, and glycaemic control, can only relieve some symptoms. However, they are often ineffective in addressing the underlying cause of impaired wound healing. It is of concern that the importance of the immune microenvironment in diabetic wound healing has not yet been fully appreciated and investigated, and the homeostasis of the immune microenvironment is crucial for promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. However, this microenvironment is often dysregulated in the diabetic state. This paper reviews the key factors leading to dysregulation of the immune microenvironment, including immune cell dysfunction, abnormal cytokine expression, and disruption of key signalling pathways, and introduces an innovative silicone-based microneedle drug delivery method, which takes advantage of microneedle's precise targeting and highly efficient drug loading capacity to deliver drugs

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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